Abstract
Dynamic 3D Gaussian splatting faces a fundamental tension between motion consistency and visual fidelity. Deformation-based approaches preserve temporal correspondence but suffer from motion over-factorization, oversmoothing high-frequency dynamics. In contrast, 4D-primitive methods capture fine visual details yet incur temporal over-parameterization, breaking object identity and leading to severe storage overhead. Multi4D is a framework for high-fidelity dynamic Gaussian Splatting based on multi-level competitive allocation that distributes modeling capacity across static structure, persistent dynamic geometry, and transient appearance primitives.
